Abstract
環境性に優れた推進薬として，AN系コンポジット推進薬が注目されている。しかし，AN系推進薬は着火性や燃焼性が悪いという欠点がある。一方，AP系推進薬は，燃焼の際塩化水素を発生するが，着火性と燃焼性に優れている。AN/AP系推進薬は，それぞれの酸化剤の欠点を補い実用可能な推進薬であると考えられる。AP系推進薬の燃焼速度は，APの粒子径に依存する。AN/AP系推進薬の燃焼速度は，AP粒子径の影響を受けると考えられる。本実験では，3 μmの微粒APと180 μmの粗粒APを用いたAN/AP系推進薬の燃焼特性について調べ，それらを比較した。AN/AP系推進薬の熱分解性は，AP粒子径の影響をほとんど受けなかった。一方，燃焼速度はAP粒子径やAP含有率に大きく影響されることがわかった。微粒APを用いたAN/AP系推進薬の一部は，中断燃焼あるいは部分的に輝炎を発生したり，側面を伝火するような不安定燃焼を起こすことを明らかにするとともに，その原因について考察した。
Ammonium nitrate (AN)-based composite propellant has been attracted, primarily because of the clean burning nature of AN, oxidizer. However, this propellant has some disadvantages such as poor ignition and low burning rate. Ammonium perchlorate (AP)-based composite propellant has excellent ignition and burning characteristics, although the combustion gases include HCl. It is expected that AN/AP-based propellant would have an acceptable performance for practical applications because the disadvantages of the AN-based propellant would be compensated for the advantages of the AP-based propellant. The burning rate of the AP-based propellant depends on the AP particle size. The burning characteristics of the AN/AP-based propellant would be influenced by the AP particle size. In this study, burning characteristics of the AN/AP-based propellants with fine AP and coarse AP; 3 μm and 180 μm, were investigated. The thermal decomposition behaviors of the AN/AP propellants were independent of the AP particle size. The burning rate characteristics of AN/AP propellants were remarkably effected by the particle size and the content of AP. Some of the AN/AP propellants prepared with fine AP self-quenched or burned improperly: partial flashing flame and flame propagation along the side of the propellant. Furthermore, the cause of these unstable combustions was revealed.
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